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The remains of a Pompeii city gate.
One of the most famous tragedies of all time is that of Pompeii, the Mediterranean village destroyed by a volcanic eruption in the year 79 AD. In mere minutes, the entire population of the town was wiped out and buried beneath ash and debris – but it didn’t disappear entirely. The debris that buried the town and its people also preserved them, with the shapes of the fallen still clear within the layers of ash, and cast in plaster by archaeologists in 1863. 3D scanning and printing has allowed for those casts to be reproduced and more closely studied, revealing the citizens of Pompeii as they had looked in their last moments.
While the greatest cost of the tragedy was thousands of human lives, much more was also lost – masterful architecture and art, for example. However, the beauty of the city wasn’t lost forever, thanks again to 3D technology. The Swedish Pompeii Project was begun in 2000 at the Swedish Institute in Rome, with the goal of excavating an entire city Pompeian city block for study and analysis. In 2010, the management of the project was taken over by the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History at Lund University in Sweden.
Digital reconstruction of a wealthy Pompeii home.
As technology has evolved, so has the project. Massive amounts of photographs and data have been taken of the city block over the last 16 years, and in 2011, a digital element was added. Led by Anne-Marie Leander Touati, former director of the Swedish Institute in Rome and now Professor of Archaeology and Ancient History at Lund University, the research team 3D scanned the city block over the course of 2011 and 2012, using FARO Focus3D and FARO PHOTON 120 laser scanners, and have now released several 3D models – including an entire house, digitally reconstructed and “restored” to its original grand appearance.
The house, which belonged to a wealthy citizen named Caecilius Iucundus, is now the subject of a virtual tour, which you can see here. You can also see an abbreviated version of the tour below:
The reconstruction, which is fully documented in the article “Reconstructing the Original Splendour of the House of Caecilius Iucundus: A Complete Methodology for Virtual Archaeology Aimed at Digital Exhibition,” was carried out using not only the scans (which were enhanced with further images taken via drone in 2015), but technical and literary texts, early paintings and drawings, and other archaeological sources, all cobbled together to form a stunning virtual representation of a luxurious home from long ago.
A FARO scanner was used to capture the city block.
“By combining new technology with more traditional methods, we can describe Pompeii in greater detail and more accurately than was previously possible,” said Nicoló Dell´Unto, digital archaeologist at Lund University.
Three wealthy estates in total have been cleaned and documented by the research team, which has also uncovered a tavern, a bakery, a laundry, and multiple gardens, along with stunningly well-preserved floor pieces and even fully intact windows made from translucent gypsum. By studying the water and sewer systems, they were able to glean information about the social hierarchies of the town – namely, that retailers were dependent on wealthy families for water, which they held in large tanks or wells, until the construction of a large aqueduct in later days.
You can read in more detail about the restoration project, particularly the 3D house reconstruction, here. The Swedish Pompeii Project will continue, using new and old techniques to unveil more of this ancient city and help us to understand the lives that were ended so suddenly nearly 2,000 years ago. Discuss further over in the Pompeii 3D Printed Models forum at 3DPB.com.
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